| Name | Units | Allowed Range | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| writecsv | - | 0 (off) or 1 (on) | make Fortran program write output as csv files |
| microdaily | - | 0 (off) or 1 (on) | run in daily mode (initial conditions from previous day) |
| runshade | - | 0 (off) or 1 (on) | run the model twice, once for each shade level |
| runmoist | - | 0 (off) or 1 (on) | run soil moisture model |
| snowmodel | - | 0 (off) or 1 (on) | run the snow model |
| hourly | - | 0 (off) or 1 (on) | run the model from hourly weather inputs |
| IR | - | 0 or 1 | longwave radiation algorithm |
| message | - | 0 or 1 | integrator messages |
| fail | - | integer | integrator failure count before quitting |
| Name | Units | Allowed Range | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| doynum | days | positive integer | number of days to run the model |
| doy | day-of-year | 1-365 | vector of days of year (length must equal doynum) |
| idayst | - | 1-doynum | start day (usually 1) |
| ida | - | 1-doynum | end day (usually value of doynum) |
| HEMIS | - | 1 (N) or 2 (S) | hemisphere to run |
| ALAT | degrees | 0-90 | latitude (degrees) |
| AMINUT | dec. minutes | 0-60 | latitude (minutes) |
| ALONG | degrees | 0-180 | longitude (degrees) |
| ALMINT | dec. minutes | 0-60 | longitude (minutes) |
| ALREF | degrees | 0-180 | reference longitude (degrees) for time zone |
| EC | - | 0.0034 to 0.058 | eccenricity of the earth’s orbit (presently 0.0167238) |
| Name | Units | Allowed Range | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| RUF | m | 0.01-200 | roughness height |
| Refhyt | m | 0.50-10 | reference height for air temp, wind speed and humidity input data |
| Usrhyt | m | > 0.005, < Refhyt | local height at which to compute air temp, wind speed and humidity |
| ZH | m | > 0 (or else not used) | heat transfer roughness height (m) |
| D0 | m | > 0 | zero plane displacement correction factor (m) used with ZH |
| Z01 | m | 0 or (> Z02, < ZH2) | 1st segment, roughness height\(^1\) |
| Z02 | m | 0 or (> RUF, < Z01) | 2nd segment, roughness height\(^1\) |
| ZH1 | m | 0 or (> ZH2, < Refhyt) | 1st segment, height above surface\(^1\) |
| ZH2 | m | 0 or (> RUF, < ZH1) | 2nd segment, height above surface\(^1\) |
\(^1\)Set to 0 if no experimental data
| Name | Units | Allowed Range | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| ALTT | m | 0-10,000 | elevation |
| slope | decimal degrees | 0-90 | slope |
| azmuth | decimal degrees | 0-360 | aspect (0 is north) |
| hori | decimal degrees | 0-90 | horizon angles\(^1\) |
| VIEWF | - | 0-1 | view factor to sky\(^2\) |
| MINSHADES | % | 0-100 | minimum shade\(^3\) |
| MAXSHADES | % | 0-100 | maximum shade\(^{3,4}\) |
| PCTWETS | % | 0-100 | percentage of substrate unit area that is wet\(^{3,5}\) |
\(^{1}\)angle to the effective horizon, due to e.g. hills, buildings, in 24 directions from 0 degrees azimuth (north) clockwise in 15 degree intervals
\(^{2}\)Fraction of sky obscured by terrain
\(^{3}\)vector of length = doynum
\(^{4}\)must be greater than minimum shade
\(^{5}\)drives evaporation - set internally when runmoist==1
| Name | Units | Allowed Range | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| DEP | cm | 0-1000 | vector of 10 depths\(^1\) |
| ERR | - | >0 | integrator error (typically 1.5-2) |
| tannul | °C | -80 - +60 | annual mean temperature |
| spinup | - | 0 or 1 | repeate first day’s simulation for steady state? |
| soilinit | °C | -80 - +60 | initial substrate temperature profile\(^1\) |
\(^{1}\)Acting as nodes for substrate heat budget calculations. Must start at 0 and nodes must be closely spaced near the surface. Typical depth profile c(0., 2.5, 5., 10., 15, 20, 30, 50, 100, 200)
\(^{2}\)Vector of length 10, corresponding to depths specified in variable DEP
| Name | Units | Allowed Range | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| TIMINS | h | 0-23 | time of minima for air temp, wind, humidity and cloud cover\(^1\) |
| TIMAXS | h | 0-23 | time of maxima for air temp, wind, humidity and cloud cover\(^2\) |
| TMINN | °C | -80 - +60 | minimum air temperature (at reference height, Refhyt)\(^3\) |
| TMAXX | °C | -80 - +60 | maximum air temperature (at reference height, Refhyt)\(^3\) |
| RHMINN | % | 0-100 | minimum relative humidity (at reference height, Refhyt)\(^3\) |
| RHMAXX | % | 0-100 | maximum relative humidity (at reference height, Refhyt)\(^3\) |
| WNMINN | m s\(^{-1}\) | 0-100 | minimum wind speed (at reference height, Refhyt)\(^3\) |
| WNMAXX | m s\(^{-1}\) | 0-100 | maximum wind speed (at reference height, Refhyt)\(^3\) |
| CCMINN | % | 0-100 | minimum cloud cover; vector of length = doynum |
| CCMAXX | % | 0-100 | maximum cloud cover; vector of length = doynum |
| RAINFALL | mm | 0-2000 | daily total rainfall; vector of length = doynum |
| tannulrun | °C | -80 - +60 | daily deep soil temperature; vector of length = doynum |
| moists | decimal % | 0-1 | predefined soil daily moisture profile through time\(^4\) |
| TAIRhr | °C | -80 - +60 | hourly air temperature (at reference height, Refhyt)\(^5\) |
| RHhr | % | 0-100 | hourly relative humidity (at reference height, Refhyt)\(^5\) |
| WNhr | m s\(^{-1}\) | 0-100 | hourly wind speed (at reference height, Refhyt)\(^5\) |
| CLDhr | % | 0-100 | hourly cloud cover\(^5\) |
| SOLRhr | W m\(^{2}\) | 0-1367 | hourly solar radiation\(^5\) |
| RAINhr | mm | 0-2000 | hourly rainfall\(^5\) |
\(^{1}\)Vector of 4 integers, air temp & wind mins relative to sunrise, humidity and cloud cover mins relative to solar noon - typical TIMINS vector c(0, 0, 1, 1).
\(^{2}\)Vector of 4 integers, air temp & wind maxs relative to solar noon, humidity and cloud cover maxs relative to sunrise - typical TIMAXS vector c(1, 1, 0, 0).
\(^{3}\)Vector of length = doynum.
\(^{4}\)Matrix of 10 rows (depths) and doynum columns. The first column is used to specify the initial soil moisture when running the soil moisture model.
\(^{5}\)Vector of length = doynum*24.
| Name | Units | Allowed Range | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Numtyps | - | 1-10 | number of substrate types |
| Nodes\(^{1,2}\) | - | 1-10 | nodes where substrate type transitions occur |
| soilprops[,1]\(^{3}\) | Mg m\(^{-3}\) | >0 | bulk density (must not exceed mineral density) |
| soilprops[,2]\(^{3}\) | m\(^{3}\) m\(^{-3}\) | >0 | volumetric water content at saturation\(^{4}\) |
| soilprops[,3]\(^{3}\) | W m\(^{-1}\) K\(^{-1}\) | >0 | thermal conductivity |
| soilprops[,4]\(^{3}\) | J kg\(^{-1}\) K\(^{-1}\) | >0 | specific heat capacity |
| soilprops[,5]\(^{3}\) | Mg m\(^{-3}\) | >0 | mineral density |
\(^{1}\)Matrix of 10 rows (depths) and doynum columns
\(^{2}\)The number of nodes specified should correspond with the variable numtypes, and in turn with the number of substrate types specified in soilprops in the soil props matrix. E.g. for a uniform profile, the first row of Nodes would be 10 (deepest soil node - the subsequent nodes all being left as 0), Numtyps would be 1, and only one and only the first row of soilprops would be filled, the rest being zero. At the other extreme, if all nodes were to have a different substrate type, values for a given row of each Nodes column would be 1, 2, …, 10 and a different value would be specified for each row of each soilprops column.
\(^{3}\)Matrix of 10 rows (depths) and 6 columns
\(^{4}\)at a matric potential of 0.1 bar
| Name | Units | Allowed Range | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PE | J kg\(^{-1}\) | 0.7-3.7 | air entry water potential; vector of 19 values\(^{1}\) |
| KS | kg s m\(^{-3}\) | 1 x \(10^{-5}\) | saturated conductivity; vector of 19 values\(^{1}\) |
| BB | - | 1.7-7.6 | Campbell’s ‘b’ parameter; vector of 19 values\(^{1}\) |
| BD | Mg m\(^{-3}\) | >0 | bulk density (should be matched to same variable in the soilprops matrix) |
| DD | Mg m\(^{-3}\) | >0 | soil mineral density (should be matched to same variable in the soilprops matrix) |
| L | m\(^{3}\) m\(^{-3}\) | 0-90 | root density; vector of 19 values\(^{1}\) |
| R1 | m | 0-90 | root radius |
| RW | m\(^{3}\) kg\(^{-1}\) s\(^{-1}\) | 0-90 | resistance per unit length of root |
| RL | m\(^{3}\) kg\(^{-1}\) s\(^{-1}\) | 0-90 | resistance per unit length of leaf |
| PC | J kg\(^{-1}\) | 0-90 | critical leaf water potential for stomatal closure |
| SP | - | >0 | stability parameter for stomatal closure equation |
| IM | kg | >0 | maximum allowable mass balance error |
| MAXCOUNT | - | >0 | maximum iterations for mass balance |
| LAI | - | 0-90 | leaf area index, used to partition traspiration/evaporation from PET |
| rainmult | - | >0 | rainfall multiplier to impose a catchment |
| maxpool | mm | >0 | max depth for surface water pooling\(^{2}\) |
| evenrain | - | 1 or 2 | even rainfall over 24hrs (1) or one event at midnight (2) |
\(^{1}\)The 19 values represent the 10 depths as specified in the DEP vector, and an extra 9 depths in between.
\(^{2}\)To account for runoff - can be used to simulate a wetland.
| Name | Units | Allowed Range | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| snowtemp | °C | -80 - 80 | temperature at which precipitation falls as snow |
| snowdens | Mg m\(^{-3}\) | 0.05-1 | snow density |
| densfun | - | - | parameters of snow density function\(^{1}\) |
| snowmelt | decimal % | 0-1 | proportion of calculated snowmelt that doesn’t refreeze |
| undercatch | - | >=1 | undercatch multipier for converting rainfall to snow |
| rainmelt | - | 0-2 | parameter for rain melting snow\(^{2}\) |
| snowcond | - | >0 | effective thermal conductivity of snow \(W/mK\) |
| intercept | - | 0-1 | proportion of snow intercepted by vegetation under shaded conditions |
| grasshade | - | 0 or 1 | if 1, shade is not present when snow is present (because shade is cast by grass/low veg) |
\(^{1}\) Four values, c(a, b, c, d) representing either 1) slope (a) and intercept (b, Mg m-3) of model of snow density as a linear function of snowpack age (days) if first two values are nonzero, or, if all values are non-zero, b) following the exponential function of Sturm et al. 2010 J. of Hydromet. 11:1380-1394 where density = (a - b) x (1 - exp(-c x depth - d x age)) + b, where a and b are the maximum and minimum densities, respectively, in Mg m-3, and c and d are fitted parameters. If all values are zero, i.e. c(0,0,0,0), then a fixed density is used as specified by parameter snowdens
\(^{2}\)For equation from Anderson’s SNOW-17 model that melts snow with rainfall as a function of air temp (typical value 1.25)
| Name | Units | Allowed Range | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| tides[1:doynum,1] | - | 0 or 1 | tide in (1) or out(0); vector of length doynum |
| tides[1:doynum,2] | °C | -80 - 80 | sea water temperature; vector of length doynum |
| tides[1:doynum,3] | % | - | % surface wetness from wave splash; vector of length doynum |